Important Who Discovered Mars Information
Who Discovered Mars
The discovery of water, potential fossils, organic compounds and a re-examination of the Viking 1 and 2 Labeled Release (LR) life detection experiments indicate that the probability of the past and present Martian life is more than possible. In fact, by Gilbert V. Levin, Ph.D., creator of the Viking LR 1976 life-detection experiments, the results show conclusively "microbial life exists in the upper layer of the Martian surface." [1]
Con this in mind, a scientific name has already been given tsu current microbial life in extraterrestrial - Gillevinia strata. Similarly his kingdom of Mars, the biosphere, and the system has been called "Jakobi," "Martian" and "Solaria", respectively.
Since 1976, a series of experiments aimed at detecting life were conducted aboard the Viking Landers. One of these experiments, the Mars labeled release experiment, he added ... a dilute aqueous solution of seven radiotagged nutrients (formate, glycolate, glycine, alanine-D, L-alanine, D-lactate, and L-lactate), ingredients proven to be metabolized by the widest possible types of microorganisms in samples of Martian soil placed in cells test in each of the Landers. Were performed nine times (four times the Viking 1 and five times in the Viking 2, in which Landers 4000 miles away).
Strong positive results were found in nine tests. When the radiomarcada 14c nutrient solution was injected into the soil of Mars, the evolution of radiolabeled gas, probably carbon dioxide (CO2), consistent with the biological metabolism has been detected. With the degree of fluctuations in the gas emitted more that could be taken into account by the more likely it is that non-biological means that it appears that the ingestion of radioactive tracer, metabolism, and the resultant release of a product is the most plausible explanation and this lets us discover who discovered mars.
Furthermore, upon re-examination of the data LR Mars in 2001, of the University of Southern California biologist Joseph Miller discovered what is considered the circadian rhythms (biological activity patterns) synchronized with the Martian day (day - 24.66 hours per night) cycles. It should be noted that these oscillations, which is found in all the physiological and metabolic process in living organisms are, in the likely event of microbes from Mars, stimulated by the injection of nutritionlocal media (zeitgebar). After the injection of nutrients radio, a sharp change in the pace circadium was detected when biosignature indicative of a non-linear approach was used.
However, the results were dismissed for a variety of reasons: The Viking gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (CGMS) did not detect the presence of organic materials, it is assumed that emissions of gas is incompatible with microbial life, emissions Gas is notn present when injected nutrients for a second time, the ultraviolet (UV) light and cosmic radiation that penetrates into the Martian atmosphere and the presence of strong oxidants destroyed the lives and organic compounds, and the assumption of the absence of liquid water in Tque the surface of Mars.
Despite the possible contamination can not be ruled out, all the reasons used to dismiss the discovery of microbes on Mars have proven to be invalid. The evolution of gas in the first round of injections is consistent with the circadian rhythm observed in terrestrial cyanobacteria and lichens, gas developments were not present in the second round of injections, because the microbes had apparently died, ultraviolet light had not induced LR activity in the samples of Martian soil, the amount of cosmic radiation that penetrates into the Martian atmosphere was irrelevant, the surface of Mars based on data from the rover "Peacefulties "is composed of non-ferric iron oxide or not, and that the planet is composed of a vast sub-surface liquid water supplies and even some of surface moisture as evidenced by the surface by heavy frost.
Since missions of the Navy of the late 1960s exploration has shown that Mars was once wet, warm, green and ancient rivers, lakes, and oceans. Since then it has been shown that water, an essential ingredient for life, lies below the surface of Mars, a field dominated by ice, and can be found in the Martian soil. On July 31, 2008, carried out laboratory tests of NASA aboard the Phoenix Mars Lander detected the presence of liquid water in a soil sample taken from a two-inch deep trench. Photographic evidence of mud and the expansion and contraction of the ice caps of Mars, each of which are as high as two metersIllas also provide credit to the presence of water especially from the dry ice can not support such physical structures. In addition, Pathfinder found that the surface of Mars, the atmosphere is above 68 degrees Fahrenheit during parts of the day the conditions for the provision of the transient presence of liquid water.
The argument in favor of life on Mars was more
advanced in 2001, when scientists Hungarian Tibor Ganti, Eors
SZATHMARY, and Andras Horvath said have discovered
evidence of living organisms on Mars after analyzing 60,000 +
photographs taken by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) probe. The
team said that MGS 'photos showed thousands of dark spots
dunes, ranging in size from 30 feet to several hundred meters,
similar to the bodies found near Earth's South Pole, in craters
on Mars'
snowy southern polar region. The couple said that the
stains were probably the organisms that live underthe ice
surface of Mars. So now we know who discovered
mars.
"These points suggest that on the surface below the ice that there are such agencies, the absorption of solar energy, are capable of fundirel ice and create the conditions of life for themselves," he told Reuters Ganti. "During the harsh winters Mars, when temperatures fall to less-328 degrees Fahrenheit, the so-called Bodies surface of Mars are protected by a thick mantle of ice that melts and then the planet early summer temperatures climb to just above zero. These are dried to agencies that can revive once more cold, frost season sets in again. "[2]
"Every spring," David Leonard wrote in an article by Space.com, "[Hungarians] report, 'gray fuzzy spots' at the bottom of the ice cover. In the middle of the first half of spring, these spots become darker, are limited, and grow in size. A early summer defrosting, the dark soil of the dune is visible, and surrounded by a ring of lighter. Year after year, the dunes dark spots' renew 'in the same spot with almost the same configuration, or "constellation" of the patches. repeat this action, the team says, strengthens its proposal for fixed bimetodológicas causes of formations in situ "strongly suggests" the life cycle of some type of plant life. "
Phil Christensen of the State UniversityArizona rejected that premise. On the other hand, attributed the cause to jets of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the rupture of the planet polar cap of Mars as the hot weather in the spring of each year as a result of dust and sand to fall to the surface in large patches.
However, Viking Lander cameras also appeared to show the presence of life. "[A] detailed analysis of all th e Viking Lander images of patches of color became clear in many of the rocks andareas of the surface color ranging from yellow ocher and olive green. A spectral digital analysis of the stains ... behave closely to the images of lichen-bearing rocks. "In addition," green stains on the rocks rose by 0.1 to 1 mm above the surface of substance ... "and" lichens, the pioneers of vegetation [for the circadian rhythm from the Mars labeled release experiment was consistent] or similar micro-colonial "have been known to survive when the only source of water vapor is the atmosphere," as is the case of Mars [3].
The premise that the lichen may or may exist on Mars today is not excessive. In 2005, the European Space Agency conducted an experiment with lichens in the Foton-M2 mission. In this experiment, two species of lichen (Rhizocarpon geographicum and Xanthoria elegans) surived open the exhibition in the space of 14.6 days for the duration of the study.
ALAYSIA, in 2005, two NASA scientists - Carol Stoker and Larry Lemke - made a case for the existence of Martian life during a presentation. Both based their theory on the discovery of the existence of living organisms at Rio Tinto (a river in southwestern Spain known for its reddish tint arising from the dissolution of iron in the water very acidic) and the data collected by ground-based telescopes and spacecraft in orbit. He also noted that the presence of memethane in Mars' atmosphere as possible indication of life underground as an alternative non-biological explanation can not be offered because of the absence of volcanic activity on the planet.
The discovery of sulfate jarosite (a mineral found in terrestrial hot springs and acidic bodies of water known to harbor life) of salt and other minerals Opportunity Merdani Planum, an area believed to once have been submerged under more enhanced waterado his belief that life could exist on the Martian ecosystems, consisting of underground water.
Along with the presence of methane, the concentrations of formaldehyde, ammonia and possibly other byproducts of metabolism of biological diversity, have also been detected in the Martian atmosphere.
Other evidence supporting the theory of current life on Mars is the presence of desert varnish or coating on some of the rocks on the planet that are similarsimilar to compounds secreted by microorganisms Gro
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